World Tourism / The Longest Bridges of the World / The Rio-Niteroi Bridge
The Rio-Niteroi Bridge
Each country has a dream. The dream of the people from America is to prove that the most knowledgeable civilizations came from their country. This is the reason of their creating majestic buildings. If you want to come in touch with some monuments compared with those of Maya’s and Aztec’s, come and have a look at the bridge of Rio-Niteroi. This is a big bridge not only in Brazil but in America too. This construction connects Rio de Janeiro with a relatively small municipality of Niteroi and passes through the Guanabara Bay. Geographically speaking, the Rio-Niteroi Bridge is the longest of the Southern Hemisphere and the sixth longest in the world. Its length is equal to thirteen thousand two hundred and ninety meters, with eight thousand eight hundred and thirty-six meters laid above the water; the rest goes into a tunnel under the sea. As various vessels travel every day, the center of the bridge has a special structure. The height of the arch is equal to seventy-two meters.
History
In 1875 the Brazilian government started thinking about how to connect two neighboring cities on the water; this is how the idea of creating a bridge came to their mind. Finally, the project was developed by the Minister of Transportation, Mario Andrezza. In December 29, 1965, he was appointed to be responsible for the building of the bridge. In 1968 the Brazilian President Costa e Silva approved the project and gave the order to begin the work. On November 9, 1968, the bridge was officially opened. Andrezza Mario, who was responsible for the entire project, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh were present at the opening ceremony. This is a fact that makes this bridge so well-known. The bridge was finally completed only on March 4, 1974, nearly a hundred years after the inception of the idea of creating it. This wonderful monument of architecture was named in honor of the president Costa e Silva, but he had not seen the end of the building. The president died of a stroke in 1968. However, almost at once the people ceased to call the bridge this way, they just said “The Rio Niteroi Bridge.”Firstly, the bridge was opened for free passage, but after the government decided to introduce a fee. It is the amount equal to two cruzeiro for motorcyclists, ten cruzeiro for cars, twenty-cruzeiro for buses and trucks with two axles and forty-cruzeiro for buses and trucks with three axles. Still, the beauty of this masterpiece is worth this small sum of money.
Interesting Facts
• The symbolic construction of the bridge started on August23, 1968, in the presence of Queen Elisabeth II when she came for the first time to Brazil.
• There is a modern city of Niteroi several miles across the bay from Rio de Janeiro. This city “offered” its name to the bridge. In 1974, it was the capital of the country.
• Rio-Niteroi started as a descriptive nickname of the bridge that became soon official.
It is noteworthy that most of the tourists drive along the bridge. So now, the bridge of Rio Niteroi has become an important place, a symbol of Rio de Janeiro. This is the way to the most amazing spots : the statue of Christ the Redeemer ,Sugar Loaf Mountain and Copacabana. Go and admire this beauty and you will never want to come back.
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It is a door to something new….
.
to something refreshing.
This is the place that gives birth to love and continuity to any relationship.
Different cultures have different traditions linked to bridges.
The Russians consider that the newlyweds should walk along a bridge as a symbol of a new period in life.
Chinese bring their children when they go the first time to the kindergarten believing that they will become honest, courageous, and always high-spirited.
The concept of the Bridge The bridge represents an artificial structure, erected over a river, lake, spilling water or any other obstacle.
It is generally built across the road or a river.
In many cases it joins two borders.
The bridge is one of the oldest engineering inventions of mankind.
The Structure of The Bridge Typically, bridges are made up of spans and supports.
Spans are used to transfer loads and the perception of their supports, they can settle the roadway, pedestrian crossing, the pipeline.
Spans are composed of supporting structures: beams, trusses, diaphragms (cross-ties) and the actual roadway slabs.
The spans are usually straightforward, but if it is necessary they are given a complex shape: spiral, ring, etc.
Forms of supports can be quite diverse.
Intermediate supports are called bulls, coastal - foundations.
Foundations are used to connect the bridge with the approach embankments.
Materials for bridges are metal (steel and aluminum alloys), natural stone, wood and rope.
Types of Bridges All the bridges can be divided from two points of view: By Application: Rail bridge Automotive bridge Metro bridge Hiking bridge Combined bridge By construction: the beam, the spacer , the combined.
Dozen of huge bridges connect different cities and countries.
Hundreds of people drive along them and do not even notice their beautiful architecture.
When we speak about the place where the greatest number of the longest bridges are situated you are going to be surprised to learn that the winner is China.
Still the longest bridge is Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge(1.
991 m) situated in Japan.
The design of the bridge is double-hinged beam system stiffness to withstand wind speeds up to 80 m / s, the seismic activity of up to 8.
5 on the Richter scale and withstand strong sea currents.
The second longest bridge is Xihoumen bridge in China (1.
650 m).
The cost of the expenses has raised to 2.
48 billion yen (approximately U.
S.
$ 300 million).
The third longest can be found in Denmark and is the Great Belt Bridge (1.
624 m).
Still the most reliable Bridge is to be found in China once again.
This is Tsing Ma Bridge(1.
377 m).
They say that it will be safe even when there are typhoons.
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